Remote monitoring of patients with chronic heart failure: a non invasive approach

Remote monitoring of patients, including those with chronic heart failure, has been actively used in recent years. Unlike invasive methods, non invasive methods are not associated with surgical risks and offer a wide range of patient management options such as telemonitoring, virtual visits, emergency department pre triage, in hospital telemedicine, telemedicine rehabilitation, psychological support, etc. Previously, remote monitoring required a multidisciplinary medical team to ensure high efficiency, and attempts to use advanced technology to reduce human involvement were often unsuccessful. However, all electronic and telemedicine technologies in healthcare have been dramatically transformed by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is currently a wide variety of remote monitoring methods and technologies. But it is still impossible to clearly assess their effectiveness due to a lack of common standards, inadequate legislation, and regional, social, and economic differences in the availability of these technologies. However, in 2021, remote monitoring was included in the European Society of Cardiology clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic heart failure (IIb). This review describes the history of modern remote monitoring methods and the problems they are designed to solve in order to improve outpatient health monitoring for patients with chronic heart failure.