Open innovation in research infrastructures: the case of the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS)

Purpose The study analyses the dynamics of collaboration between research infrastructures (RIs) and industry through the lens of Open Innovation in Science. It aims to identify collaboration typologies, barriers and enablers, as well as the knowledge and technology transfer mechanisms that contribute to innovation outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a two-stage qualitative research design. First, a scoping literature review was conducted to map the existing body of knowledge on RI–industry collaboration. Second, a qualitative case study was carried out to explore the dynamics of collaboration within ACTRIS, a pan-European RI in the environmental domain. The analysis drew on extensive secondary data, including EU project deliverables, policy documents and strategic reports. Findings Multiple collaboration models emerge across the RI lifecycle, supporting both scientific advancement and innovation. The findings highlight the centrality of open and FAIR data, standardized methodologies, access to state-of-the-art instrumentation as key enablers of collaboration. Intellectual property management and limited SME access underscore the need for more flexible and adaptive governance frameworks. Research limitations/implications The focus on a single case study and the reliance on secondary data limit the generalizability of the findings. Longitudinal and multi-case approaches based on primary data would provide a more comprehensive understanding of RI–industry collaboration across different stages of the research and innovation process. Practical implications Flexible governance frameworks are crucial for addressing the diverse needs of industrial partners. Strengthening user support systems, enhancing visibility through innovation portfolios, and supporting the intermediary role of research performing organizations can reduce access barriers – particularly for SMEs – and foster regional innovation ecosystems. Social implications This study highlights how RIs in the environmental domani play a pivotal role in tackling pressing societal challenges, including climate change and air quality. By fostering collaboration with industry and providing open access to high-quality data and advanced facilities, RIs support technological innovation and contribute to broader societal well-being. Originality/value This study provides a new analytical approach for examining cross-sector innovation. It sheds light on collaboration models, governance challenges, and innovation outcomes, advancing current understanding of how RIs function as open, mission-oriented innovation platforms.