Key result
Heart failure spans three ejection fraction categories with HFrEF comprising ~50% of patients.
The review provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between HFrEF and HFpEF and discusses various therapeutic approaches to enhance patient quality of life.
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively. Hypertension is a frequent contributing factor. The reduced cardiac output leads to fluid accumulation, causing respiratory distress and chest pain. Ejection fraction (EF), a measure of the left ventricle’s pumping capacity, is crucial in HF diagnosis. HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) is defined by an EF below 40%, often caused by coronary artery disease—approximately half of all HF patients present with HFrEF. The remaining cases encompass HF with mid-range EF (40% - 50%) or HF with preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%).
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Mathew et al. (2024) conducted a review in Heart failure. Heart failure is categorized by ejection fraction into reduced (<40%), mid-range (40-50%), and preserved (≥50%) types, with approximately half of all patients presenting with reduced ejection fraction.
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