The Effect of Community-Based Intervention on Controlling Blood Pressure for Hypertension Patient: A Systematic Review

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for death caused by cardiovascular disease. Collaboration with the community through community-based intervention is one of the actions to reduce the incidence of hypertension. Although many community-based intervention studies have been carried out to treat noncommunicable diseases, their effectiveness in improving blood pressure in hypertensive patients has not been widely studied. Aim: This study aims to discuss the effect of community-based intervention on controlling blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods: The literature search was carried out from May-June 2021 using Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect search engines with a search year limit of 2009-2021. Community-based intervention is defined as "intervention that involves the community to adjust intervention programs in the community by focusing on changing individual behavior to reduce disease risk in the population". The search was limited to English-language reports. The keywords used were "community-based intervention", "hypertension", and "blood pressure". The inclusion criteria used were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and interventional studies with full text in English. The literature search focused on hypertensive patients, with the primary outcome being changed in blood pressure after the intervention. The exclusion criteria used were a review, systematic review, or meta-analysis and non-full text in English. Results: Of the 186 articles that met the search criteria, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sex, type of community (urban or rural), education status, monthly per capita income, and number of lost to follow-up can affect controlling blood pressure during the community-based intervention study. Conclusion: Community-based intervention can be effective in controlling blood pressure in hypertensive patients.