A newly designed cannula enables the experimental production of permanent total atrioventricular block without the need for thoracotomy or x-ray guidance.
Simplifies animal models of permanent AV block without thoracotomy; leaves open translation to clinical research.
Experimental permanent total atrioventricular block was produced by a simplified method, without thoracotomy, by one person, and without the aid of x-ray apparatus. For this purpose, a newly designed cannula for the injection of 40% formalin into the bundle of His was made
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Babotai et al. (1971) studied this question.
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