Luhong Formula Has a Cardioprotective Effect on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Pressure‐Overloaded Rats

Figures

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  Figure 1. Histomorphology observation of representative images showing myocardial cells and interstitial fibrosis (HE staining, 100×). (a) Model group; (b) LHF-L group; (c) LHF-M group; (d) perindopril group; (e) LHF-H group; (f) sham group.

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  Figure 2. Histomorphology observation of representative images showing myocardial cells and interstitial fibrosis (picrosirius red staining, 100×). (a) Model group; (b) LHF-L group; (c) LHF-M group; (d) perindopril group; (e) LHF-H group; (f) sham group.

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  Figure 3. Histomorphology observation of representative images showing myocardial cells and interstitial fibrosis (collagen fibers I, 100×). (a) Model group; (b) LHF-L group; (c) LHF-M group; (d) perindopril group; (e) LHF-H group; (f) sham group.

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  Figure 4. Histomorphology observation of representative images showing myocardial cells and interstitial fibrosis (collagen fibers III, 100×). (a) Model group; (b) LHF-L group; (c) LHF-M group; (d) perindopril group; (e) LHF-H group; (f) sham group.

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  Figure 5. Protein expression of myocardial tissue in pressure-overloaded heart failure rats. (a) Western blot analysis of eNOS protein expression in myocardial tissue. (b) Quantification of eNOS protein expression in myocardial tissue by densitometry. (c) Western blot analysis of TGF-β1 protein expression in myocardial tissue. (d) Quantification of TGF-β1 protein expression in myocardial tissue by densitometry. (e) Western blot analysis of VEGF protein expression in myocardial tissue. (f) Quantification of VEGF protein expression in myocardial tissue by densitometry. (g) Western blot analysis of VEGFR2 protein expression in myocardial tissue. (h) Quantification of VEGFR2 protein expression in myocardial tissue by densitometry. (i) Western blot analysis of caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue. (j) Quantification of caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue by densitometry. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ΔP < 0.01, ΔΔP < 0.05 compared with sham; ∗P < 0.01, ∗∗P < 0.05 compared with model; #P < 0.01 compared with perindopril; ★P < 0.01 compared with LHF-H; ▲P < 0.01, ▲▲P < 0.05 compared with LHF-M.

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  Figure 6. mRNA expression of myocardial tissue in pressure-overloaded heart failure rats. (a) Real-time PCR of COL1a1 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue. (b) Real-time PCR of COL3a1 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue. (c) Real-time PCR of TGF-β1 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue. (d) Real-time PCR of eNOS mRNA expression in myocardial tissue. (e) Real-time PCR of VEGF mRNA expression in myocardial tissue. (f) Real-time PCR of VEGFR2 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ΔP < 0.01, ΔΔP < 0.05 compared with sham; ∗P < 0.01, ∗∗P < 0.05 compared with model; #P < 0.01, ##P < 0.05 compared with perindopril; ★P < 0.01, ★★P < 0.05 compared with LHF-H; ▲P < 0.01, ▲▲P < 0.05 compared with LHF-M.

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  Figure 7. Total-ion chromatograms (TIC) and select-ion chromatograms of LHF extracts samples, (a) the mix standard solution, 1.25 μg/ml; (b) the sample solution, 8.00 mg/ml (stationary phase: ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile (a) and water (b) in gradient (time, min/B%: 0/95, 25/5); flow rate: 0.3 mL/min). Peak no: (1) cinnamic acid; (2) codonolactone; (3) formononetin; (4) calycosin; (5) hydroxysafflor yellow A; (6) quercetin-3-O-b-D-glucose-7-O-b-D-gentiobiosiden; (7) astragaloside.