Changing Meanings of "the Europe of Knowledge" and "Modernizing the University," from Bologna to the "New Lisbon"

No European country is large enough or strong enough to step into the knowledge era by itself. Given the scale of operations of our global competitors, it is not logical or efficient for any individual EU member to go it alone. The challenge is global; the response has to be European. Only if Europe plays as a team will we regain the lead in the world knowledge league…. Of course, it is important to uphold the principle of subsidiarity: education and research policies are, and will remain, mainly national responsibilities. However, you will agree that there is a lot we can do together. Education, research, and the drive toward innovation are textbook cases in which the European whole is larger than the sum of its national parts. The most compelling example is the drive to establish genuine European areas in higher education, research, and innovation. (Barroso 2007)