Plasma renin activity variation following admission predicts patient outcome in acute decompensated heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction

Figures

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  Fig. 1. The change in PRA and aldosterone during hospitalization. The level of PRA(a) and aldosterone (b) on admission and at discharge in each case was plotted. Both the level of PRA and aldosterone at discharge were higher than those on admission. Red line indicates median. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. Statistically significant difference from baseline: * = p < 0.05 and † = p < 0.001. PRA; plasma renin activity. . (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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  Fig. 2. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves for cardiovascular death and re-hospitalization due to heart failure in the tertile groups for PRA on admission (a) or PRA at discharge (b). Log-rank test was used for statistical analysis. Solid line, dashed line, and dotted line represent the high, mid, and low groups of the tertile, respectively.

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  Fig. 3. ΔPRA comparison in the three tiers. Black (a), orange (b), and blue line (c) represent the increasing, minimal, and decreasing groups of ΔPRA, respectively. PRA; plasma renin activity. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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  Fig. 4. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves for cardiovascular death and re-hospitalization due to heart failure in the tertile groups for ΔPRA. Log-rank test was used for statistical analysis. Black, orange, and blue line represent the increasing, minimal, and decreasing groups of the tertile for PRA change, respectively. PRA; plasma renin activity. . (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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  Fig. 5. Hazard ratio (95% CI) for primary outcome based on the Cox proportional hazard model with five knots restricted cubic splines. (a) The curve represents the association between PRA on admission and the primary outcome. (b) The curve represents the association between ΔPRA and the primary outcome. The solid red line indicates a hazard ratio of 1. The solid black line shows the hazard ratio and the gray area shows its confidence interval. PRA; plasma renin activity. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)