Key result
Physical exercise, salt reduction, and yoga significantly reduced SBP/DBP by 5.3/6.0, 2.6/3.7, and 2.0/2.6 mmHg respectively, compared to 0.2/0.5 mmHg in the control group over 8 weeks.
Why the study?
Do non-pharmacological interventions (physical exercise, salt reduction, or yoga) reduce blood pressure in young pre-hypertensive and hypertensive adults?
RCT (n=113)
randomized
No
Do non-pharmacological interventions (physical exercise, salt reduction, or yoga) reduce blood pressure in young pre-hypertensive and hypertensive adults?
Physical exercise, salt reduction, and yoga are effective non-pharmacological interventions for lowering blood pressure in young adults with pre-hypertension or hypertension, with physical exercise demonstrating the greatest reduction.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports non-pharmacological BP management in young adults with prehypertension or hypertension; reinforces RCT evidence for exercise, salt reduction, and yoga.
CONTEXT: Hypertension is a major chronic lifestyle disease. Several non-pharmacological interventions are effective in bringing down the blood pressure (BP). This study focuses on the effectiveness of such interventions among young adults. AIMS: To measure the efficacy of physical exercise, reduction in salt intake, and yoga, in lowering BP among young (20-25) pre-hypertensives and hypertensives, and to compare their relative efficacies. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was done in the urban service area of JIPMER. Pre-hypertensives and hypertensives, identified from previous studies, constituted the universe. The participants were randomized into one control and three interventional groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 113 subjects: 30, 28, 28 and 27 in four groups respectively participated for eight weeks: control (I), physical exercise (II) - brisk walking for 50-60 minutes, four days/week, salt intake reduction (III) - to at least half of their previous intake, and practice of yoga (IV) - for 30-45 minutes/day on at least five days/week. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Efficacy was assessed using paired t test and ANOVA with Games Howell post hoc test. An intention to treat analysis was also performed. RESULTS: A total of 102 participants (29, 27, 25 and 21 in groups I, II, III and IV) completed the study. All three intervention groups showed a significant reduction in BP (SBP/DBP: 5.3/6.0 in group II, 2.6/3.7 in III, and 2.0/2.6 mm Hg in IV respectively). There was no significant change (SBP/DBP: 0.2/0.5 mmHg) of BP in control group (I). Physical exercise was most effective (considered individually); salt intake reduction and yoga were also effective. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise, salt intake reduction, and yoga are effective non-pharmacological interventions in significantly reducing BP among young hypertensives and pre-hypertensives. These can therefore be positively recommended for hypertensives. There is also a case to deploy these interventions in the general population.
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Soudarssanane et al. (2009) conducted an RCT in Pre-hypertension and hypertension (n=113). Physical exercise, salt intake reduction, or yoga vs. Control was evaluated on Reduction in blood pressure (SBP/DBP). Physical exercise, salt reduction, and yoga significantly reduced SBP/DBP by 5.3/6.0, 2.6/3.7, and 2.0/2.6 mmHg respectively, compared to 0.2/0.5 mmHg in the control group over 8 weeks.
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