Key result
High-intensity and moderate continuous exercise improve FMD on different timelines unlinked to extracellular vesicle release.
Why the study?
Acute exercise can temporarily reduce endothelial function, possibly through extracellular vesicle release, but the time course of endothelial responses to different exercise intensities and their link to vesicle release remained unclear.
Does high-intensity interval exercise compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise alter post-exercise endothelial function and extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males?
RCT (n=18)
Randomly assigned crossover
No
Does high-intensity interval exercise compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise alter post-exercise endothelial function and extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males?
p-value: p=0.017
Acute exercise (both HIIE and MICE) results in transient improvements in endothelial function that are not associated with extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males.
Both HIIE and MICE transiently enhance endothelial function with distinct time courses independent of EVs; challenges proposed EV role in acute vascular responses.
Acute exercise can result in temporary decrease in endothelial functions, which may represent a transient period of risk. Numerous mechanisms underpinning these responses included release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic or activated endothelial cells and platelets. This study aims to compare the time course of endothelial responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and the associations with EV release. Eighteen young healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 3.7 years, BMI: 25.6 ± 2.5 m 2 /kg, and VO 2peak : 38.6 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min) completed two randomly assigned exercises: HIIE (10 × 1 min-@-90% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 1 min passive recovery) and MICE (30 min-@-70% HRR) on a cycle ergometer. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelial function and blood samples were collected to evaluate endothelial cell-derived EV (CD62E + ) and platelet-derived EV (CD41a + ), 10, 60, and 120 min before and after exercise. There were similar increases but different time courses ( P = 0.017) in FMD (increased 10 min post-HIIE, P < 0.0001 and 60 min post-MICE, P = 0.038). CD62E + remained unchanged ( P = 0.530), whereas overall CD41a + release was reduced 60 min post-exercise ( P = 0.040). FMD was not associated with EV absolute release or change ( P > 0.05). Acute exercise resulted in similar improvements, but different time course in FMD following either exercise. Whilst EVs were not associated with FMD, the reduction in platelet-derived EVs may represent a protective mechanism following acute exercise.
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Tryfonos et al. (2022) conducted an RCT in Healthy (n=18). High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. Moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) for 30min at 70% heart rate reserve was evaluated on Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) time-course difference between exercise protocols (p=0.017). High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise improved flow-mediated dilation with different time-courses, but these changes were not associated with extracellular vesicle release.
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