Effect of Kinesiophobia Mediated Disease Perception on Rehabilitation Exercise Adherence in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective To explore the effect of kinesiophobia mediated disease perception on rehabilitation exercise adherence in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 313 outpatients who have been treated with PCI and followed up in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January to December 2021 were recruited with the convenient sampling method. The included patients were investigated with the basic data questionnaire, the simplified version of the Disease Perception Questionnaire, the Exercise Adherence for Cardiac Rehabilitation Questionnaire, and the Kinesiophobia Scale. Results There were 65 patients (20.77%) with good rehabilitation exercise adherence after PCI treatment, 185 patients (59.11%) with fair rehabilitation exercise adherence and 63 patients (20.13%) with poor rehabilitation exercise adherence. The overall results showed that the rehabilitation exercise adherence of patients after PCI treatment was fair. The disease perception score of patients after PCI treatment was (41.46±5.85). Thus disease perception could directly predict the rehabilitation exercise adherence of patients after PCI treatment. The stronger the negative emotion of disease perception, the worse the rehabilitation exercise adherence. The mean score of kinesiophobia was (34.84±5.33), and 25.88% of patients showed a high level of kinesiophobia. There was a significant correlation between disease perception and kinesiophobia (r=0.542, P<0.01), and there were statistically significant differences between disease perception and kinesiophobia among patients in different adherence level groups (F=12.339, P<0.05; F=4.419, P<0.05). The mediation analysis for categorical dependent variable showed that disease perception could predict the kinesiophobia of the patients (t=5.336, P<0.01), both kinesiophobia and disease perception could negatively predict the rehabilitation exercise adherence of the patients (OR=0.347, P<0.01; OR=0.456, P<0.05), and disease perception could negatively predict the rehabilitation exercise adherence of the patients (OR=0.431, P<0.05). After normalization of the regression coefficient it showed that kinesiophobia played a partial mediating role between the disease perception and rehabilitation exercise adherence and the intermediary effect accounted for 41.00% of the total effect. Conclusion The disease perception of patients after PCI can directly predict their rehabilitation exercise adherence, and it can also affect their adherence through the mediating effect of kinesiophobia. Healthcare providers can guide patients to face the disease and treatment rationally, relieve their kinesiophobia, and improve their compliance with rehabilitation exercises.