Key result
Prior exercise moderately attenuates postprandial TG response, depending largely on energy expenditure and timing.
Why the study?
To synthesize literature examining the effects of prior exercise on the postprandial triglyceride response and evaluate potential moderating variables.
Does prior exercise reduce postprandial triglyceride response?
Meta-Analysis
Does prior exercise reduce postprandial triglyceride response?
Prior exercise moderately attenuates postprandial triglyceride response, an effect largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure and timing, suggesting exercise should be frequent to elicit adaptation.
Prior exercise before meals may blunt postprandial lipemia; confirms energy expenditure and timing as key moderators.
The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the results from current literature examining the effects of prior exercise on the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to evaluate current literature and provide future direction. A quantitative review was performed using meta-analytic methods to quantify individual effect sizes. A moderator analysis was performed to investigate potential variables that could influence the effect of prior exercise on postprandial TG response. Two hundred and seventy-nine effects were retrieved from 165 studies for the total TG response and 142 effects from 87 studies for the incremental area under the curve TG response. There was a moderate effect of exercise on the total TG response (Cohen's d = -0.47; p < .0001). Moderator analysis revealed exercise energy expenditure significantly moderated the effect of prior exercise on the total TG response (p < .0001). Exercise modality (e.g., cardiovascular, resistance, combination of both cardiovascular and resistance, or standing), cardiovascular exercise type (e.g., continuous, interval, concurrent, or combined), and timing of exercise prior to meal administration significantly affected the total TG response (p < .001). Additionally, exercise had a moderate effect on the incremental area under the curve TG response (Cohen's d = -0.40; p < .0001). The current analysis reveals a more homogeneous data set than previously reported. The attenuation of postprandial TG appears largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure (∼2 MJ) and the timing of exercise. The effect of prior exercise on the postprandial TG response appears to be transient; therefore, exercise should be frequent to elicit an adaptation.
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Pearson et al. (2022) conducted a meta-analysis in Postprandial lipemia. Prior exercise was evaluated on Total postprandial triglyceride (TG) response (Cohen's d -0.47, p=< .0001). Prior exercise moderately attenuated the total postprandial triglyceride response (Cohen's d = -0.47; p < .0001), with the effect largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure and timing.
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