Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease: Insights from the Framingham Study
Why the study?
Do elevated fibrinogen levels and cigarette smoking increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals free of cardiovascular disease?
Population
1315 Framingham study participants free of cardiovascular disease
Design
Cohort
Follow-up
10 years
Authors
Discussion
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Member takes
Implication
Fibrinogen may mediate smoking-related CVD risk; supports its independent predictive value but leaves causality and practice change open.
Key Points
- This research aims to evaluate the relationship between fibrinogen levels, cigarette smoking, and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Measured fibrinogen levels and cardiovascular risk factors in 1315 Framingham participants without cardiovascular disease.
- Followed participants over 10 years to track the development of cardiovascular disease.
- Analyzed the influence of smoking status and fibrinogen values on cardiovascular disease risk using multivariate models.
- After 10 years, 165 men and 147 women developed cardiovascular disease, with increasing risk correlating to fibrinogen levels.
- Fibrinogen levels were higher in smokers; in men, smoking was significantly related to increased cardiovascular risk.
- Adding fibrinogen to the multivariate model markedly reduced the significance of smoking in predicting cardiovascular disease risk.
Structured PICO
Do elevated fibrinogen levels and cigarette smoking increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals free of cardiovascular disease?
P
Population
1315 Framingham study participants free of cardiovascular disease
O
Outcome
Development of cardiovascular disease over 10 years of follow-uphard clinical
Fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may mediate a significant portion of the cardiovascular risk associated with cigarette smoking.
Cite This Study
Kannel et al. (1987) studied this question.