Covalent triazine framework modified with coordinatively-unsaturated Co or Ni atoms for CO₂ electrochemical reduction

RHE. The performance of Ni-CTF is much higher than that of the corresponding metal-porphyrin (using tetraphenylporphyrin; TPP). First principles calculations demonstrated that the intermediate species (adsorbed COOH) was stabilized on the metal atoms in the CTF due to the low-coordination structure of this support. Thus, the free energy barriers for the formation of adsorbed COOH on the metal atoms in the CTF supports were lower than those on the TPP supports.