Why the study?
The 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines introduced a new category of heart failure with mid-range LVEF (40-49%), prompting this review of its epidemiology, etiology, echocardiographic features, biomarker profile, dynamic phenotypes, management, and prognosis.
This review characterizes the heterogeneous cohort of heart failure patients with mid-range ejection fraction (40-49%) and proposes expanding the classification with transitional phenotypes.
Supports phenotyping in mid-range LVEF HF; leaves open expanded classification with transitional phenotypes.
The European society of cardiology guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (CHF) in 2016 identified a new group of patients with mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with reference interval in the range of 40-49 %. This review highlights the issues of epidemiology and etiology of CHF, outlines the echocardiographic portrait, biomarker profile and patients` dynamic phenotypes, considers the guidelines of their managements and the prognosis of the disease determiner’s factors. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the formation of this heterogeneous cohort of patients and the feasibility of expanding the existing CHF classification by introducing two transitional phenotypes.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Ватутин et al. (2021) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: