Effects of granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor on rabbit carotid and porcine heart models of chronic obliterative arterial disease

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Pulse-wave Doppler ultrasound flow (A) before, (B) 3 weeks and (C) 5 weeks following ameroid constrictor placement around right common carotid artery. Pre-surgery, the peak blood flow velocity of right common carotid artery) was evident, however, the peak flow velocity was markedly reduced at 3 weeks after the operation, and was not observed at 5 weeks.

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  Figure 2.. G-CSF administration did not result in a significant difference in eNOS and ET-1 gene expression. The proximal carotid near the constrictor or the same site was harvested for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis from the rabbits for all groups studied. In addition, no changes after high fat diet administration were observed (n=6 per group). G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ET-1, endothelin 1; AS, atherosclerosis; NS, ameroid constrictor group receiving saline; Con, control.

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  Figure 3.. Endothelial cells under scanning electron microscopy. AS, atherosclerosis; NS, ameroid constrictor group receiving saline; Con, control; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

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  Figure 4.. The proximal endangium near the constrictor (hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification, ×40).

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  Figure 5.. Intimal hyperplasia in different G-CSF treatment groups. (A) Control group (NS 0.5 ml/kg/day), (B) the low dosage group (G-CSF 2.5 mg/kg/day), (C) medium dosage group (G-CSF 5 mg/kg/day) and (D) high dosage group (G-CSF 10 mg/kg/day) (hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification, ×40). G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; NS, ameroid constrictor group receiving saline; Con, control.

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  Figure 6.. Local endarterium of the proximal artery near the constrictor. (A) Control group (NS 0.5 ml/kg/day), (B) the low dosage group (G-CSF 2.5 mg/kg/day), (C) medium dosage group (G-CSF 5 mg/kg/day) and (D) high dosage group (G-CSF 10 mg/kg/day); hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification, ×40; NS, ameroid constrictor group receiving saline; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Con, control.

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  Figure 7.. The pathology of different dosage groups. (A) Control group (NS 0.5 ml/kg/day), (B) the low dosage group (G-CSF 2.5 mg/kg/day), (C) medium dosage group (G-CSF 5 mg/kg/day) and (D) high dosage group (G-CSF 10 mg/kg/day); (A-C) hematoxylin and eosin and (D) Mallory's trichrome staining; magnification, ×400. Quantification is presented in (E). NS, ameroid constrictor group receiving saline; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Con, control.

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  Figure 8.. VEGF in the (A) low dosage group (G-CSF 2.5 mg/kg/day), (B) medium dosage group (G-CSF 5 mg/kg/day) and (C) high dosage group (G-CSF 10 mg/kg/day). TNF-α in the (D) low dosage group (G-CSF 2.5 mg/kg/day), (E) medium dosage group (G-CSF 5 mg/kg/day) and (F) high dosage group (G-CSF 10 mg/kg/day). Immunohistochemistry images, magnification ×1,000). VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; Con, control.