Autoimmunity against human tropomyosin isoforms in ulcerative colitis: Localization of specific human tropomyosin isoforms in the intestine and extraintestinal organs

BACKGROUND: Tropomyosins (TMs) are microfilament cytoskeletal proteins, and 5 major human TM isoforms (hTM1-5) are described. hTMs, particularly isoform 5 (hTM5), is capable of inducing autoantibodies and T-cell response in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, cellular localization of hTM isoforms in the colon and in extraintestinal organs commonly involved in UC is unknown. METHODS: Using isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies, we localized hTMs through immunoperoxidase assay in normal colon (n = 12), small intestine (n = 14), esophagus (n = 10), skin (n = 19), eye (n = 12), gallbladder (n = 16), liver, including bile duct at the porta hepatis (n = 4), lungs (n = 4), and pancreas (n = 4). RESULTS: There is intense expression of hTM5, but not other isoforms, in the epithelium of the colon, gallbladder, and skin. In the eye, hTM5 is expressed only in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. Although extrahepatic and interlobar large ductal biliary epithelium was positive, bile canaliculi at the portal tract are negative. The immunoreactivity in epithelial cells from these organs is diffuse cytoplasmic and along the periphery. In colon epithelium, there is intense expression along basolateral areas and luminal (apical) surface. In the small intestinal epithelium, however, hTM5 expression is weak and distinctly different than in the colon. hTM5 was not detected in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus, although it was strongly positive in the skin. hTM1, hTM2, and hTM3 are localized predominantly in smooth muscle of the intestine and blood vessel wall but not the epithelium. HTM4 is localized in the endothelial cells and basement membrane of the colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: hTM5 is the predominant isoform in the epithelium of colon and extraintestinal organs commonly involved in UC. The unique expression of hTM5 may allow its interaction with effector immune cells involved in the immunopathogenesis of UC and its extraintestinal manifestations.