Key result
A pronounced hypotensive systolic blood pressure response to standing increased the risk of new-onset heart failure (HR 1.31) compared to a positive blood pressure response.
Why the study?
Does the directionality of blood pressure response to standing predict the development of heart failure in a general population?
Cohort (n=32,669)
No
Does the directionality of blood pressure response to standing predict the development of heart failure in a general population?
Hazard Ratio: 1.31 (95% CI 1.11–1.53)
Absolute Event Rate: 2.3% vs 1.2%
p-value: p=0.009 for linear trend
An early drop in blood pressure upon standing is associated with an increased long-term risk of developing heart failure.
Should not yet change practice; leaves open whether orthostatic BP response is causal or modifiable in HF prevention.
AIMS: To study the prospective relationship of blood pressure response during orthostatic challenge with incidence of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: In a Swedish prospective cohort study (the Malmö Preventive Project), we followed up 32 669 individuals (68.2% men; mean age, 46 years) over a period of 24 years. Incidence of first hospitalization due to new-onset HF was related to early (60-120 s) postural changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (ΔSBP and ▵DBP), and mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP), using Cox proportional hazards models. Hazard ratio of incident HF increased across descending quartiles of ΔSBP from the first (and reference) quartile (+8.5 ± 4.9 mmHg), through the second (neutral response), to the third and fourth quartiles (-5.0 ± 0.1 and -13.7 ± 6.1 mmHg, respectively; P for linear trend=0.009). A pronounced hypotensive SBP response (fourth quartile) conferred the highest risk of new-onset HF [hazard ratio (HR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.53]. A similar pattern was observed with regard to ΔMAP, where the first (and reference) quartile with a marked positive MAP response (+7.7 ± 3.1 mmHg) had the lowest, and the fourth quartile with a hypotensive MAP response (-5.2 ± 3.4 mmHg) had the highest HF risk (HR for fourth vs. first quartile: 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17-1.62). In a continuous model, the risk of incident HF conferred by negative ΔSBP matched that of resting SBP (HR per 10 mmHg difference: 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11-1.23, and 1.17, 1.14-1.20, respectively), whereas MAP drop was the strongest individual predictor of HF development (HR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.21-1.31). CONCLUSION: Early increase of blood pressure in response to orthostatic challenge signals reduced the risk of HF development.
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Fedorowski et al. (2011) conducted a cohort in Heart failure (n=32,669). Pronounced hypotensive systolic blood pressure response to standing vs. Positive (hypertensive) systolic blood pressure response to standing was evaluated on First hospitalization due to new-onset heart failure (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.53, p=0.009 for linear trend). A pronounced hypotensive systolic blood pressure response to standing increased the risk of new-onset heart failure (HR 1.31) compared to a positive blood pressure response.
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