An Experimental and Clinical Physiological Signal Dataset for Automated Pain Recognition

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. The wearable devices recording several physiological modalities during data acquisition of the PMD: (a) E4 wristband, (b) RB main unit, and (c) Electrodes used for the RB, i.e., EMG. The (d) device was used in PMCD only. Modified from Luebke et al.36, used under CC-BY 4.0 license.

• 

  Fig. 2. The workflow of the experimental pain study.

• 

  Fig. 3. 10 seconds stimuli (blue dotted lines) of the PMED with the given temperature stimulus (red curve) and possible CoVAS rating (orange curve). Modified from Gouverneur et al.7, used under CC-BY 4.0 license.

• 

  Fig. 4. The hardware used to invoke pain and record subjective pain ratings during data acquisition of the PMED: (a) Medoc Pathway system. (b) CHEPS thermode. (c) CoVAS slider. From Gouverneur et al.7, used under CC-BY 4.0 license.

• 

  Fig. 5. Workflow of the study performed during fascial therapy. Subjective pain level rates were given verbally during the procedure. The no pain and severe pain thresholds were acquired after the therapy was finished.

• 

  Fig. 6. Setup of the clinical study. The wearable devices were connected to the measuring platform via Bluetooth. Acquired signals were displayed online on the computer station. To avoid additional distractions, the screen was not visible to the patient.

• 

  Fig. 7. Visualisation of the measured raw thermode temperature (blue) and the processed “cleaned” signal (orange), which only represents temperatures in 0. 5°C steps, of the PMED.

• 

  Fig. 8. Data segmentation and frame labelling method for the PMCD. Blue, green, and red frames represent no pain, moderate, and severe pain classes, respectively. Frames 3, n, n + 4, and n + 5 do not hold any label and are depicted in white. Modified from Badura et al.34, used under CC-BY 4.0 license.

• 

  Fig. 9. Confusion matrix for the RF approach evaluated on the PMED in a LOSO CV. An accuracy of 91.70% was obtained for the experiment. Modified from Gouverneur et al.35, used under CC-BY 4.0 license.