Key result
Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery was associated with 58% in-hospital mortality, with cardiogenic shock and angiographic success as independent predictors.
Why the study?
Acute total occlusion of the unprotected LMCA is a dramatic event with limited data available regarding this patient population.
Cohort (n=59)
Yes
Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery carries a catastrophic 58% in-hospital mortality rate, with outcomes largely dependent on presentation with cardiogenic shock and achieving angiographic success.
High mortality in this rare emergency warrants vigilant risk stratification; leaves open prospective trials on adjunctive therapies.
Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) is a dramatic event. There are limited data regarding this population. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients and to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality. This retrospective study included patients presenting with acute (<12 h) myocardial infarction due to total occlusion of the LMCA (TIMI flow 0) between January 2008 and December 2020 in three tertiary hospitals. During this period, 11 036 emergent coronary angiographies were performed, 59 (0.5%) of which revealed acute total occlusion of the LMCA. Patients’ mean age was 61.2 (SD ± 12.2) years and 73% were male. No patients had left dominance. At presentation, 73% were in cardiogenic shock, aborted cardiac arrest occurred in 27% and 97% underwent myocardial revascularization. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 90% of cases and angiographic success was achieved in 56% of procedures, while 7% of patients underwent surgical revascularization. In-hospital mortality was 58%. Among survivors, 92% and 67% were alive after one and five years, respectively. After multivariate analysis, only cardiogenic shock and angiographic success were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Use of mechanical circulatory support and presence of well-developed collateral circulation were not predictive of short-term prognosis. Acute total occlusion of the LMCA is associated with a dismal prognosis. Cardiogenic shock and angiographic success play a major role in predicting the prognosis of these patients. The effect of mechanical circulatory support on patient prognosis remains to be determined. A oclusão aguda total de um tronco comum desprotegido é um evento dramático. Há poucos dados na literatura relativos a esta população. Este trabalho pretende descrever a sua apresentação e outcomes, bem como determinar preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Este estudo retrospetivo incluiu doentes com enfarte agudo do miocárdio (<12 h de evolução) por oclusão total do tronco comum (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction=0) entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2020 em três hospitais terciários. Durante este período foram realizadas 11 036 coronariografias emergentes. Dessas, 59 (0,5%) revelaram oclusão aguda do tronco comum. Os doentes tinham em média 61,2 (±12,2) anos e 73% eram homens. À apresentação, 73% encontravam-se em choque cardiogénico e 27% sofreram paragem cardíaca abortada. Nenhum apresentava dominância esquerda e 97% foram submetidos a revascularização. Em 90% foi feita intervenção coronária percutânea, atingindo-se critérios de sucesso angiográfico em 56% dos procedimentos, e 7% foram submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 58%. Dos sobreviventes, 92% e 67% encontravam-se vivos após um e cinco anos de follow-up, respetivamente. Após análise multivariada, apenas a presença de choque cardiogénico e sucesso angiográfico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. A utilização de suporte circulatório mecânico e a presença de circulação colateral desenvolvida não foram preditores de morte intra-hospitalar. A oclusão aguda do tronco comum associa-se a um prognóstico catastrófico. A presença de choque cardiogénico e o sucesso angiográfico são fundamentais como preditores de prognóstico a curto prazo. O efeito do suporte circulatório mecânico no seu prognóstico permanece por esclarecer.
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Calvao et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Acute myocardial infarction due to total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery (n=59). Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery was evaluated on In-hospital mortality. Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery was associated with 58% in-hospital mortality, with cardiogenic shock and angiographic success as independent predictors.
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