Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with Down syndrome: comparative analysis of treatment results according to ALL-MB 2008 and ALL-MB 2015 protocols
Randomized trial compares treatment outcomes in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, indicating improved results with ALL-MB 2015 protocols.
Key Points
The study aims to compare treatment outcomes for children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (DS-ALL) receiving ALL-MB 2008 versus ALL-MB 2015 protocols.
Analysis included primary ALL patients aged 1 to 18 years from Russian and Belarusian clinics, from January 2008 to December 2020.
Matched-pair method formed a comparison group of non-DS-ALL patients for result analysis.
Kaplan-Meier method calculated survival rates; toxicity and clinical-genetic parameters evaluated with nonparametric statistical methods.
Event-free survival for DS-ALL was 61% with ALL-MB 2008 versus 85% in non-DS-ALL (p=0.001).
Overall survival for DS-ALL was 70% with ALL-MB 2008 versus 88% in non-DS-ALL (p<0.001).
Treatment under ALL-MB 2015 improved continuous complete remission to 75% for DS-ALL compared to 57% with ALL-MB 2008 (p<0.001).