Smoking Raises the Risk of Total and Ischemic Strokes in Hypertensive Men.
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Why the study?
Does current smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day increase the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in middle-aged Japanese men?
Population
3,626 Japanese men aged 40-69, initially free from history of stroke and coronary heart disease.
Comparison
Current smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day vs Never-smokers
Design
Cohort, Final diagnoses were made by a panel of two or three study…
Follow-up
average 14.3 years
Authors
Discussion
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Implication
Smoking cessation counseling may be prioritized in hypertensive men; extends dose-response observations but leaves causality open for trials.
Structured PICO
Does current smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day increase the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in middle-aged Japanese men?
P
Population
3,626 Japanese men aged 40-69, initially free from history of stroke and coronary heart disease.
I
Intervention
Current smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day
C
Comparator
Never-smokers (study also compared to ex-smokers and current smokers of ≤20 cigarettes per day)
O
Outcome
Incident stroke (total, hemorrhagic, and ischemic) and coronary heart disease events at average 14.3 years follow-uphard clinical
Heavy smoking (>20 cigarettes/day) significantly increases the risk of total and ischemic stroke in middle-aged Japanese men, with the risk being particularly pronounced in those with concurrent hypertension.
Limitations
- Small number of cases for specific stroke subtypes (subarachnoid hemorrhage, large-artery occlusive infarction)
- Small number of coronary heart disease cases among never-smokers preventing stratification analysis
- Excluded women from the analysis due to low smoking prevalence
Cite This Study
Yamagishi et al. (2003) studied this question.
Topics
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