Lipid‐associated macrophages are more abundant in subcutaneous than visceral adipose tissue in patients with obesity

FIGURE 1. Differential gene expression summary results between VAT‐ and SAT‐derived CD11b+ cells from individuals with severe obesity. (A) Volcano plot with significant genes (nominal p < 0.001, with |FC| > 1.2 in red; |FC| < 1.2 in blue), NS (nominal p > 0.001, with |FC| > 1.2 in green; |FC| < 1.2 in gray); top DEG symbols highlighted. (B) Heat map of the 50 top DEGs (among adjusted p < 0.05, |FC| > 1.2). DEG, differentially expressed gene; FC, fold change; NS, not significant; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WAT, white adipose tissue. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE 2. Volcano plot with significant differentially expressed genes between VAT‐ and SAT‐derived CD11b+ cells from individuals with severe obesity (in red); highlighted gene symbols correspond to genes described as markers of MAC1 or stromal vascular matrix adipose tissue‐infiltrated macrophages, more highly expressed in VAT, and markers of LAMs, more highly expressed in SAT. LAM, lipid‐associated macrophage; MAC1, resident macrophages; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE 3. Relative transcript levels of selected LAM marker genes and mean relative levels (LAM marker score) in SAT and VAT from C or OB from cohort 2. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and referenced to C SAT. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, C vs. OB; #p < 0.05; ###p < 0.001, SAT vs. VAT. AU, quantitative PCR–determined arbitrary units; C, lean individuals; LAM, lipid‐associated macrophage; OB, individuals with obesity; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.