Investigates hemodynamic mechanisms in venous pulsatile tinnitus, suggesting anatomical abnormalities.
Hemodynamic processing results based on 4D Flow MRI. (a–d), respectively demonstrate visualizations of flow rate, streamlines, pressure distribution, and energy loss. (e and f) show the examples of free plane placement using PC-MRV vascular morphology as an anatomical reference to facilitate precise localization on 4D Flow MRI datasets. Three free planes (positions indicated by orange lines) were placed to measure cross-sectional vessel areas at three locations for stenosis rate calculation. Hemodynamic parameters were subsequently measured with reference to the narrowest plane. By Lv et al. (359–373).
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Lv et al. (2026) studied this question.
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