Energy Metals and ESG-Driven Sustainability Uncertainty: Insights From Time-Frequency-Quantile Analysis

This study examines the causal link between ESG uncertainty and energy metals. Using monthly data from February 2009 to January 2024 and a Rolling Windows Wavelet Quantile Granger Causality framework, in its first application in this context, we uncover consistent predictive linkages across horizons, frequencies, and quantiles. Results show that ESG uncertainty predicts energy metals across horizons, frequencies, and quantiles. Policymakers and investors should integrate these insights into forecasting and strategy.