Key result
The proposed system-on-chip measured five vital signs with <1% maximum absolute error and temperature accuracy of +/-0.09 °C, consuming 206 μW.
Why the study?
To develop an area- and power-efficient system-on-chip for vital signs monitoring to provide patients with remote monitoring.
The proposed system-on-chip offers a highly accurate, low-power (206 μW) hardware solution for remote monitoring of five key vital signs.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Enables compact remote vital signs monitoring; leaves open prospective clinical validation before cardiology adoption.
This article presents an area and power-efficient system-on-chip (SoC) for vital signs monitoring to provide patients with remote monitoring. It measures five important vitals including blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and temperature. The proposed SoC utilizes a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to compute HR, HRV, SpO2, and RR. The PPG signal is amplified and filtered using a PPG readout that includes a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a switched integrator (SI) to filter and amplify the signal. A differential second-order, delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter ( <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Δ Σ </tex-math>-ADC) is adopted to digitize the PPG signal. The SoC also comprises a low-power LED driver for both red and infrared (IR) LEDs which operate in pulsed mode with a 0.625% duty cycle. A vital signs extractor performs feature extraction (FE) and computes the vital signs with a maximum absolute error of less than 1%. In this work, the temperature is also measured by employing a Wheatstone bridge (WhB)-based temperature sensor which integrates thermal resistors into a second-order <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Δ Σ </tex-math>-ADC. The proposed system shares <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Δ Σ </tex-math>-ADC for digitizing the PPG signal and the temperature readings to reduce both area and power consumption. The proposed system computes the temperature over the human’s temperature range ( <tex-math notation="LaTeX">32~∘ </tex-math> C to <tex-math notation="LaTeX">42~∘ </tex-math> C) with an accuracy of +/ <tex-math notation="LaTeX">- 0.09~∘ </tex-math> C. The SoC is implemented using a 180 nm CMOS process with an area of 4.8 mm2 while consuming <tex-math notation="LaTeX">206~μ </tex-math> W.
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Minto et al. (2024) studied this question. System-on-chip (SoC) for vital signs monitoring was evaluated on Vital signs measurement accuracy and power consumption. The proposed system-on-chip measured five vital signs with <1% maximum absolute error and temperature accuracy of +/-0.09 °C, consuming 206 μW.
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