Short Abstract This paper proposes a unified theory of star formation based on the Black Hole Fractal Steady-State Universe (BFSSU) framework, redefining stellar formation as a manifestation of hierarchical Dual Mass Flow (DMF) rather than a purely local gravitational collapse. Molecular clouds, filaments, protostellar cores, nuclear ignition, the initial mass function (IMF), star formation efficiency, and stellar death are interpreted as successive phases of mass-flow concentration, bifurcation, and processing limits within a continuous flow structure. This approach naturally explains the universality of the IMF and the low efficiency of star formation as statistical consequences of DMF, rather than outcomes of fine-tuned initial conditions. By redefining stars as mass-flow processing structures, the model establishes a structural symmetry between stellar formation and termination, offering a coherent causal framework linking stellar physics, black hole physics, galactic evolution, and BFSSU cosmology. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1530-4234 Please direct any questions regarding the paper to this Assistant GPT. Matsuoka x GPT Thought Experiment Lab | Research Center for Collaborative Intelligence, Optional Taxation, and BFSSU Cosmology Japanese Abstract 本論文は、Black Hole Fractal Steady-State Universe(BFSSU)
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Takafumi Matsuoka (2026) studied this question.
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