Key result
Smoking cessation followed by a body weight gain of ≥3 kg significantly increased the odds of developing hypertension compared to nonsmokers with <3 kg weight gain (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.37-6.35).
Why the study?
Smoking raises blood pressure while smoking cessation increases body weight, predisposing new quitters to hypertension; the effect of cessation and subsequent weight change on hypertension odds required investigation.
Does smoking cessation and subsequent body weight change affect the odds of developing hypertension in working-age men?
Cohort (n=10,354)
Does smoking cessation and subsequent body weight change affect the odds of developing hypertension in working-age men?
Smoking cessation increases the risk of developing hypertension only when accompanied by significant body weight gain (≥3 kg).
May warrant weight monitoring during cessation to mitigate hypertension risk; leaves open need for interventional confirmation.
BACKGROUND: Smoking elevates blood pressure (BP) whereas smoking cessation increases body weight (BW), which predisposes new quitters to the development of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking cessation and subsequent BW change on the odds of developing hypertension. METHODS: A total of 10,354 Japanese male workers (mean age, 38.4 ± 8.8 years) without hypertension who underwent a baseline annual medical checkup were followed up for three years to detect the development of hypertension. They were divided into six groups according to their smoking status (nonsmokers, new quitters, or continuous smokers) and BW change (≥3 kg or <3 kg) during the follow-up period. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) for developing hypertension. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 1,032 participants developed hypertension. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, the odds of developing hypertension were significantly higher in new quitters with BW gains ≥ 3 kg (OR, 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-6.35) compared to nonsmokers with BW gains < 3 kg. However, increased odds of developing hypertension were not observed in those with BW gains < 3 kg (OR, 0.90, 95% CI, 0.52-1.58). Continuous smokers were at increased odds of developing hypertension regardless of their BW changes (BW gain < 3 kg, OR, 1.35, 95% CI, 1.13-1.61 vs. BW gain ≥ 3 kg, OR, 1.90, 95% CI, 1.43-2.52). CONCLUSIONS: The odds of developing hypertension were increased in new quitters only when their BW gain was not controlled after smoking cessation.
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Saiki et al. (2024) conducted a cohort in Hypertension (n=10,354). Smoking cessation with body weight gain ≥ 3 kg vs. Nonsmokers with body weight gain < 3 kg was evaluated on Development of hypertension (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.37-6.35). Smoking cessation followed by a body weight gain of ≥3 kg significantly increased the odds of developing hypertension compared to nonsmokers with <3 kg weight gain (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.37-6.35).
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