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Moisture is necessary to enhance the conductivity of LiTFSI-doped, hole transport layers. Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and Hg-drop current–voltage measurements are used to study the effects of H2O vapor, dry O2, and ambient air on Li-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI)-doped, spiro-MeOTAD. PES shows that humidity is the component of air that causes LiTFSI dopants to redistribute across spiro-MeOTAD films, leading to an enhanced conductivity.
Hawash et al. (Fri,) studied this question.