Fate of aortic regurgitation after isolated repair of ventricular septal defect with concomitant aortic regurgitation in children

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the course of aortic valve regurgitation in patients with preoperative aortic valve regurgitation and ventricular septal defect who underwent repair of the ventricular septal defect without aortic valve repair. Methods A total of 37 consecutive patients with a ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation who underwent surgery between April 2007 and March 2016 were included in the study. Demographic, echocardiographic, operative, and clinical data were reviewed. Early and late mortality and morbidity were analyzed. Aortic regurgitation grade, left ventricular function, and dimensions were compared between the preoperative transesophageal echocardiography and postoperative transthoracic echocardiogram at last follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with improvement of aortic valve function. Results There was no early or late mortality. No reoperations or reinterventions were required. A total of 17 patients had mild or greater aortic regurgitation preoperatively. Only 5 patients had mild or greater aortic regurgitation at follow-up of 4.3 years (0.5-10.1). Twenty-eight (76%) of the 37 patients showed an improvement in their aortic regurgitation grade. Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameter z-scores were significantly lower at follow-up ( P = .007 and P = .001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression identified low preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction as the only predictor of nonimprovement of aortic regurgitation (95% confidence interval, 0.732-0.999, P = .002). Conclusions Repair of a ventricular septal defect with accompanying aortic regurgitation can be performed with excellent results without surgical intervention on the aortic valve. Accompanying aortic regurgitation, especially trivial to mild, at the time of ventricular septal defect repair improves in the majority of cases. Low preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction is predictive of nonimprovement of aortic regurgitation grade.