Amplicor Enterovirus Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patients With Aseptic Meningitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and routine cell culture for the detection of enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: Thirty-eight cerebrospinal fluid specimens were included. Cell culture was inoculated immediately and incubated for 14 days. An aliquot was kept frozen for Amplicor RT-PCR. Chart review was performed to determine the validity of the results. RESULTS: Nine of 38 specimens were positive for enterovirus by culture, and 14 were positive by RT-PCR. There were 7 discrepancies between the 2 methods. Six specimens were positive by RT-PCR and negative by the culture method. The 1 culture-positive but RT-PCR--negative specimen was determined to contain PCR inhibitors. All discrepant results were confirmed as true positives by chart review. Patients whose cerebrospinal fluid was negative by both methods had a final diagnosis other than enterovirus infection. CONCLUSION: Amplicor PCR is more sensitive than cell culture (93.3% vs. 60%) and is very specific. With the incorporation of appropriate controls for the detection of amplification inhibitors, RT-PCR could be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis.