Minimizing the risk of postoperative infection

Surgical site infections occur in approximately 2.6% of the patient population, causing considerable discomfort and expense. We review the microbiology and pathogenesis of surgical site infections and identify the most common risk factors in patients. Steps to reduce infection can be taken in three phases of patient care: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Antimicrobial prophylaxis has emerged as a standard of care in many procedures, and new developments in the operating room environment may improve effectiveness against the development of surgical site infections. Orthopaedic surgeons must take every reasonable measure to reduce the occurrence of postoperative infection.