Population
19 anesthetized and open-chest dogs
Comparison
Cardiac sympathetic stimulation with and without… vs Baseline (before sympathetic stimulation)
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Sympathetic effects on efficiency in this model; leaves open translation to human HF energetics.
Cardiac sympathetic stimulation decreases cardiac contractile efficiency by enhancing myosin ATPase-operating ATP hydrolysis in crossbridge formation.
Kudo et al. (1998) studied this question.
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