Elevated circulating cardiotrophin-1 in heart failure: relationship with parameters of left ventricular systolic dysfunction

30 subjects total: 15 patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure and echocardiographic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) (median age 66, 11 male) and 15 normal subjects (median age 60, 6 male).

Normal subjects

Relationship between circulating levels of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and measures of left ventricular size and systolic function (wall motion index, end-diastolic and -systolic volumes, stroke volume, fractional shortening)surrogate