Why the study?
Does the combination of caffeine and nicotine alter cardiovascular hemodynamics differently than either drug alone in a canine model?
Population
13 mongrel dogs (subjected to 30 experiments in phases II and III, plus 18 experiments in phase I)
Comparison
Caffeine followed by nicotine or the reverse… vs Individual drug effects
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Sequence-dependent effects on contractility may occur with caffeine and nicotine; hypothesis-generating in canines and leaves open human relevance.
Does the combination of caffeine and nicotine alter cardiovascular hemodynamics differently than either drug alone in a canine model?
The sequence of administration of caffeine and nicotine significantly alters their combined hemodynamic effects in a canine model, with caffeine pre-treatment causing synergistic excitation and post-treatment causing attenuation.
Jain et al. (1997) studied this question.
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