Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Is Associated With the Prevalence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Determined on the Latest Echocardiographic Criteria

Figures

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  Figure 1.. (A) Prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) by age. PAF, paroxysmal AF; PerAF, persistent AF. (B) Distribution of patients, with and without PAF, among the 6 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) grades. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 (multiple Chi-squared tests and Haberman’s test).

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  Figure 2.. Prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in each left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) grade (A) for the entire study cohort, (B) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >50% and (C) in patients with LVEF ≤50%. *P<0.01 (multiple Chi-squared tests and Haberman’s test).

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  Figure 3.. Odds ratios for each clinical characteristic (Upper panel) and each left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) grade (Lower panel) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >50%. Open and closed circles indicate the results of univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, respectively. The horizontal error bars around each dot represent 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In patients with LVEF >50%, the prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is higher in men, patients with a history of hypertension (HTN) and congestive heart failure (CHF), and in patients with Borderline or Grade 3 LVDD. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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  Figure 4.. Odds ratios for each patient clinical characteristic (Upper panel) and each left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) grade (Lower panel) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤50%. Open and closed circles indicate the results of univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, respectively. The horizontal error bars around each dot represent the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In patients with LVEF ≤50%, patient characteristics, such as male sex or comorbidities, had no significant effect on the prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). However, the presence of Grade 2 and Grade 3 LVDD significantly affected the prevalence of PAF. CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HTN, hypertension; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.