Epidemiological Studies of Arteriosclerosis (I): Association of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity with Hypertension, Arteriolar Sclerotic Changes in the Retina, and Ischemic ECG Changes

221,564 male urban workers, 20-69 years of age, participating in cardiovascular disease screening in major cities in Japan. Excluded: patients with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gout, or history of cardio- and/or cerebrovascular diseases.

Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement

Relationship between PWV and arteriosclerotic indicators: arteriolar sclerotic changes in the retina (Scheie's method ≥grade II), ischemic ECG changes (Minnesota code: 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 and/or 5-1, 5-2, 5-3), and hypertension (systolic ≥160mmHg and/or diastolic >95mmHg)surrogate