Heart Failure Is Closely Associated With the Expression Characteristics of Type I Interferon‐Related Genes

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Comparison of groups by type I interferon related genes (TIIRGs) expression correlation (hierarchical clustering). According to TIIRG expression correlation (hierarchical clustering), patients in the discovery set are divided into three groups (A). Significant differences in age (B), EFrHF incidence (C), and pathological type (D) are observed among different groups.

• 

  Figure 2. Comparative analysis of patients with EFrHF and nonheart failure (HF). Differences in gene expression were noted between different groups, and STAT2 was the gene with the most significant difference (A). The genes with the most significant differences between patients with EFrHF and non‐HF are JAK1, EIF2AK2, and STAT1 (B). In patients with EFrHF, JAK1 is significantly under‐expressed (C), whereas EIF2AK2 is significantly upregulated (D). An HF risk model with an AUC of 0.909 (E). When the risk score of the model is < 0, most patients with EFrHF can be screened out (F).

• 

  Figure 3. Comparative analysis of dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Five genes with significant differences (A), among which JAK1 shows the most significant difference among different types of HF (B). Significant differences in IFNA17/IFNA10/IFNA7/IFNA4, IFNA16/IFNA14, and EIF2AK2 are observed between the two groups (C–F). Multivariate analysis shows that JAK1 and IFNA16/IFNA14 are independent risk factors between the two EFrHF types (G). To differentiate IDCM from ICM, a model can be constructed using JAK1 and IFNA16/IFNA14 (AUC = 0.722) (H). When the model value is < 0.359, most patients belong to IDCM (I).

• 

  Figure 4. Age analysis. Eight gene expressions are correlated with increasing age, of which two are positively correlated and the other six are negatively correlated (A). The four significantly related genes are TYK2, IRF7, IFNA13, and EIF2AK2 (R > 0.15 or <−0.15, B–E).

• 

  Figure 5. Differentiation of EFrHF by JAK1 and EIF2AK2. In HF tissues, JAK1 is significantly low expressed (A), whereas EIF2AK2 is significantly high expressed (B). A model of two genes can effectively distinguish between diseased and nondiseased individuals (AUC = 0.877, C). When the model score is < 1.08 (sensitivity = 1), 100% of patients with EFrHF will be identified (D).