Crossing Borders: Climate Change and the Policy Implications for Regional Security Cooperation in Africa

Climate change is increasingly recognised as a critical factor in shaping national security dynamics. Africa, despite having the lowest per capita green gas emissions, is highly vulnerable to climate-related risks. Existing studies have primarily focused on the impacts of climate change on food, water, land and human security. This study aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of the implications of climate change on national security and regional cooperation in Africa. Using secondary data, the study employed case studies from the Sahel, Nile Basin and Horn of Africa to explore how climate change exacerbates transboundary security challenges. It also assessed the effectiveness of existing regional mechanisms in addressing these issues. The findings reveal complex, interconnected climate security risks. These include increased inter-communal violence due to resource scarcity, higher migration and displacement rates, and an increase in organised crime and violent extremism. This study contributes to the knowledge on climate change and security risks across borders and the importance of regional collaboration in addressing these issues. It provides policy recommendations to strengthen regional institutions and to develop strategies to improve regional cooperation and security governance in response to climate change.