Population
Normotensive, spontaneously hypertensive, and spontaneously hypertensive heart failure-prone rats at 6, 12…
Comparison
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors applied to left… vs Normotensive SD rats; baseline secretion without…
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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TNF-alpha precedes decompensation in hypertensive rat models; leaves open therapeutic targeting in human HF.
Hypertension and cardiac remodeling are associated with early elevated myocardial TNF-alpha, which increases again during end-stage heart failure in SHHF rats.
Bergman et al. (1999) studied this question.
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