Population
61 subjects, including 46 patients with heart failure and 15 age-matched controls.
Design
Case-control
Authors
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Metabolites may mark myocardial energy expenditure in HF; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Serum 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and succinate are identified as potential biomarkers associated with elevated myocardial energy expenditure in heart failure patients.
Du et al. (2014) studied this question.
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