Key result
Any antihypertensive medication use was significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (RR 1.45), with a positive linear association between duration of use and risk.
Why the study?
Studies evaluating whether antihypertensive medications influence the incidence of bladder or kidney cancer have yielded conflicting results.
Does antihypertensive medication use increase the incidence of kidney and bladder cancer in the general population?
Meta-Analysis (n=3,352,264)
Does antihypertensive medication use increase the incidence of kidney and bladder cancer in the general population?
The use of antihypertensive medications is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer, and ARB use is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, though confounding by underlying hypertension cannot be fully excluded.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Antihypertensive use should not yet change prescribing; leaves open confounding by hypertension and need for randomized confirmation.
Several studies have indicated that the use of antihypertensive medications may influence the incidence of bladder/kidney cancer, with some scholars refuting any such association. Hence, a systematic review is needed to verify this linkage. we comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for original studies reporting a relationship between antihypertensive medications and risk of bladder/kidney cancer. We included 31 articles comprising 3,352,264 participants. We found a significant association between the risk of kidney cancer and any antihypertensive medications use (relative risk (RR) = 1.45, 95% CI 1.20-1.75), as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (RR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.22-1.37), beta-blockers (RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.66), calcium-channel blockers (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.54-1.78) and diuretics (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.51). In case of bladder cancer, a statistical significance was observed with the use of ARB (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) but not with the other antihypertensive medications. There was a linear association between the duration of antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney cancer (P = 0.061 for a non-linear trend) and the pooled RR for the per year increase in antihypertensive medications duration of use was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Our results indicate that there is a significant association between each class of antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney cancer, and this trend presented as a positive linear association. Furthermore, the use of ARB has been linked to the risk of bladder cancer.
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Xie et al. (2020) conducted a meta-analysis in Kidney and bladder cancer (n=3,352,264). Antihypertensive medications vs. Non-use of antihypertensive medications was evaluated on Risk of kidney cancer (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.20-1.75). Any antihypertensive medication use was significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (RR 1.45), with a positive linear association between duration of use and risk.
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