A Miniaturized, Programmable Pacemaker for Long-Term Studies in the Mouse

39 mice, including Cd11b DTR mice with macrophage depletion-induced third-degree atrioventricular block

Implantation of a miniaturized, programmable pacemaker (refashioned 26 mm×6.7 mm clinical device) for long-term atrial or ventricular pacing (up to 1200 bpm)

Feasibility of long-term pacing, treatment of atrioventricular block, induction of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, and high-rate atrial pacingsurrogate