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The influence of Fermi-level pinning at a semiconductor surface on dopant distribution is demonstrated. It is shown that surface-induced Fermi-level-pinning results in impurity drift during crystal growth by molecular-beam epitaxy. The surface electric field can be screened and reversed by appropriate background doping. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy measurements indicate a drastic decrease of Si surface drift in Alₓ{Ga}_{1{{-}}x}$As upon screening of the dipole interaction. Reversal of the surface electric field results in a migration of Be impurities in GaAs away from the surface toward the substrate during epitaxial growth.
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Schubert et al. (1990) studied this question.
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