Poliovirus chimeras expressing HIV-1 neutralization domains can elicit antibodies against HIV-1 in an animal model, suggesting potential as a vaccine vector.
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Animal data support poliovirus chimeras for HIV vaccine research; leaves open translation to human immunogenicity or efficacy.
Sequences from the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain LAI or RF have been expressed in antigenic site 1 of the capsid of the Sabin strain of poliovirus type 1. A number of the resulting chimeras were viable. Viable variants bearing mutations within the insertion site spontaneously arose from several nonviable chimeras. In general, these mutations result in a decrease in positive charge in the substituted antigenic site 1. Two of the chimeras were genetically stable and have been further characterized. Both chimeras were neutralized by various HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. In rabbits, both chimeras produced high levels of antibodies which react with HIV-1 gp120/160 in immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. One of the chimeras (HIV-1LAI) produced a significant but weak HIV-1 neutralizing response.
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Dedieu et al. (1992) studied this question.
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