Population
Patients with chronic congestive heart failure (including NYHA Class III and IV)
Design
Cross-sectional
Authors
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May support blood volume assessment in advanced HF; leaves open whether output-to-volume ratio adds to standard severity indices.
The ratio of cardiac output to blood volume measured by radiocardiography may serve as a severity index for chronic congestive heart failure, reflecting compensatory physiological responses.
MASAHIKO KlNOSHITA (1968) studied this question.
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