Internal and external resilience factors differences between elementary and high school students

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Resilience and its factors are key determinants of the positive youth development, thus the aim of this paper was to examine the differences in internal factors of resilience (IFR) and perceived external factors of resilience (EFF) according to school type and gender. Research sample consisted of 515 students: 58% of 9th grade elementary school (ES) students (mean age = 14.49) and 42% of 1th grade high school (HS) students (mean age = 15.21). The two-way MANOVA of IFR showed significant differences in self-control and self-esteem in favor of ES students. Girls showed lower levels of self-esteem and self-control. Regarding EFR, differences were found in school connectedness in favor of HS students. Girls showed a higher level of school support, School meaningful participation and also higher level of support from friends. To summarize, there is significant difference within IFR in ES compared to HS and also within school factors of resilience, other EFFs remained unchanged.