Effects of beta‐adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in patients with peripheral autonomic neuropathy.

4 patients with orthostatic hypotension due to peripheral autonomic neuropathy (postganglionic efferent sympathetic lesion).

Pindolol (incremental doses up to 1.6 mg i.v., followed by 15 mg daily divided in three doses for 4 weeks). Acute testing also included propranolol 16 mg i.v., metoprolol 8 mg i.v., isoprenaline, and salbutamol.

Baseline (pre-treatment).

Orthostatic symptoms and hemodynamic response (blood pressure and heart rate) to 60-degrees head-up tilting.surrogate