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Live nasal inoculation induces mucosal antibodies in calves; leaves open optimal FMD vaccination strategies pending controlled efficacy trials.
Calves develop nasal and salivary neutralizing antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus after nasal inoculation with live virus. Nasal and salivary antibody was not detected after exposure to inactive virus. Serum antibodies were induced by live and inactive virus given subcutaneously. Passively acquired antibodies were detected as long as 7 months after birth.
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Figueroa et al. (1973) studied this question.
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