Key result
Extended pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was not associated with a decreased incidence of post-discharge venous thromboembolism compared to conventional prophylaxis.
Why the study?
Evidence on the impact of extended pharmacological thromboprophylaxis on venous thromboembolism-associated morbidity and mortality after major abdominopelvic surgery remains of low certainty.
Does extended pharmacological VTE prophylaxis reduce clinically relevant venous thromboembolism in adult patients undergoing major abdominopelvic surgery?
Cohort (n=11,571)
Yes
Does extended pharmacological VTE prophylaxis reduce clinically relevant venous thromboembolism in adult patients undergoing major abdominopelvic surgery?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
In modern surgical practice, extended pharmacological VTE prophylaxis after major abdominopelvic surgery does not significantly reduce post-discharge VTE incidence, suggesting a tailored rather than routine approach is needed.
BACKGROUND: There is low-certainty evidence on the impact of extended pharmacological prophylaxis on venous thromboembolism-associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of extended prophylaxis after major abdominopelvic surgery for the prevention of clinically relevant venous thromboembolism after hospital discharge. METHODS: CArdiovaSCulAr outcomes after major abDominal surgEry (CASCADE) was a prospective, international, cohort study into which consecutive adult patients undergoing major abdominopelvic surgery were enrolled (January-May 2022). Extended prophylaxis was considered at least 28 days of anticoagulant prescription after surgery. The primary efficacy outcome was clinically relevant venous thromboembolism and the primary safety outcome was clinically relevant bleeding within 30 days after surgery (European Medicines Agency definitions). The independent association of these outcomes with extended prophylaxis was explored using mixed-effects logistic regression and propensity score weighting. RESULTS: A total of 11 571 patients (median age of 58.0 years; 6399 (55.3%) women) from 29 countries were included. The extended prophylaxis prescription rate was 31.7% (3670 patients). The post-discharge venous thromboembolism and bleeding rates were 0.1% (12 patients) and 0.7% (85 patients) respectively. After weighting, extended prophylaxis was not significantly associated with increased bleeding risk (OR 1.07 (95% c.i. 0.64 to 1.81); P = 0.792) or decreased venous thromboembolism incidence, both in the overall cohort (OR 1.13 (95% c.i. 0.33 to 3.90); P = 0.848) and in a subgroup analysis of patients undergoing complex major surgery and with active cancer (OR: 1.36 (95% c.i. 0.33 to 5.57); P = 0.669). CONCLUSION: In modern practice, the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism is low. Extended prophylaxis appears safe, yet the clinical efficacy remains uncertain. Further work is required to define patients who stand to benefit.
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Blanco‐Colino et al. (2025) conducted a cohort in Major abdominal and pelvic surgery (n=11,571). Extended pharmacological thromboprophylaxis vs. Conventional prophylaxis (inpatient-only LMWH) was evaluated on Clinically relevant venous thromboembolism within 30 days after surgery (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.33 to 3.90, p=0.848). Extended pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was not associated with a decreased incidence of post-discharge venous thromboembolism compared to conventional prophylaxis.
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